When is the Walk-and-Turn test considered most effective?

The Walk-and-Turn test is considered most effective on a flat and even surface. This is because the design of the test requires the individual to maintain balance and follow specific heel-to-toe walking instructions. A flat and even surface eliminates potential confounding factors such as uneven terrain, which could affect a person's ability to perform the test accurately due to the physical challenges presented by hills, cracks, or obstacles. When conducted on a well-maintained, level surface, the test better assesses the subject's balance and coordination, crucial factors in determining impairment.

In contrast, other environments, like those that are brightly lit, have minimal distractions, or are dark and open, may not significantly contribute to the reliability of the results as the condition of the walking surface itself plays a pivotal role in the effectiveness of this test.